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Geographical information on San Diego. San Diego is a city next to the Mexican-American border on Southern California’s Pacific coast. With more than 1.3 million residents, it is the second most populated city in California and the seventh most populated city in the US. With around 3.3 million residents, San Diego serves as the seat of San Diego County. It has a long history with the US Navy, a large number of beaches and parks, a pleasant Mediterranean climate all year round, and a recent rise to prominence as a hub for biotechnology and healthcare development. As the first spot that Europeans visited and inhabited on what is now the U.S. West Coast, San Diego, which has historically been home to the Kumeyaay people, has been dubbed the Birthplace of California. Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo established the foundation for Alta California’s development 200 years later when he landed in San Diego Bay in 1542 and claimed the region for Spain. The first European settlement in modern-day California was established in 1769 by the Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá. San Diego joined the newly established Mexican Empire in 1821, and two years later it changed its name to the First Mexican Republic. After the Mexican-American War, California was given over to the United States in 1848, and it became the 31st state to join the union in 1850. Tourism, international trade, manufacturing, research, and military and defense-related businesses make up the biggest sectors of San Diego’s economy. Numerous universities, such as UC San Diego, San Diego State University, and the University of San Diego, are located in the city. With an expected five million residents as of 2022, San Diego serves as the economic hub of the San Diego–Tijuana region, the second-most populated transborder metropolitan area in the Western Hemisphere. The San Ysidro Port of Entry, the main border crossing between San Diego and Tijuana, is the busiest international land border crossing outside of Asia and ranks fourth overall. The busiest single-runway airport in the US is San Diego International Airport (SAN). In 1602, Spanish explorer Sebastián Vizcaíno gave the region the name San Diego, which dates back to the 17th century. In honor of Saint Didacus of Alcalá, he gave the bay and its environs the name “San Diego de Alcalá”. The Kumeyaay settlement was known as Kosa’aay, which translates to “drying out place” in the Kumeyaay language, before the Spanish founded San Diego. “Stacked Big” is what the Kumeyaay called the town and city of Tepacul Watai after San Diego was established. It was referred to as Pushuyi by Luiseño speakers in the North County area.